Table 5-1. Some management options for switching from endophyte infected to nontoxic endophyte or endophyte free tall fescue with a fall seeding.
Season of changeover year |
Summer kill System 1 |
Spring kill System 2 |
Spring kill System 3 |
Spring |
Graze or clip tall fescue closely to prevent seed formation. |
Kill tall fescue by tillage or herbicide, then fallow. |
Kill tall fescue by tillage or herbicide; then plant annual summer crop using approved weed control practices.¶ |
Summer |
Closely graze or clip tall fescue before killing by tillage or by first herbicide spray.† |
Fallow, harvest for silage or green-chop, or spray. Spray may be essential if much bermudagrass or other warm-season perennials are present. |
Grow and harvest for silage or green-chop, or graze summer crop. |
Fall |
Allow volunteer seedlings to emerge (needs rain); follow with the second herbicide spray; then seed endophyte free or nontoxic endophyte tall fescue.‡ |
Allow volunteer seedlings to emerge (needs rain); use tillage or herbicide if needed; then seed endophyte free or nontoxic endophyte tall fescue.§ |
Till and/or apply herbicide; then seed endophyte free or nontoxic endophyte tall fescue. |
Late winter |
Do not graze new seedlings for 60 d after last spray or until seedlings are 15 cm tall. |
Do not graze new seedlings for 60 d after last spray or until seedlings are 15 cm tall. |
Do not graze new seedlings for 60 d after last spray or until seedlings are 15 cm tall. |
Mid-spring |
Do not graze new tall fescue stands closely during the first year. |
Do not graze new tall fescue stands closely during the first year. |
Do not graze new tall fescue stands closely during the first year. |
† 2.3 L/ha of paraquat plus nonionic surfactant in 75 to 150 L/ha of water, or 4.6 L/ha of glyphosate plus nonionic surfactant in 20 to 40 L/ha of water, broadcast on short, actively growing tall fescue. Consult most recent copy of herbicide label for any changes before application.
‡ 1.2 L/ha of paraquat plus nonionic surfactant in 75 to 150 L/ha of water, broadcast on short, actively growing tall fescue regrowth. Consult most recent copy of herbicide label for any changes before application.
§ Seed in prepared seedbed, or with no-till equipment on killed sod in chiseled and friable rows, which are compacted after seeding.
¶ Suitable summer crops are those which can be harvested early enough to permit early fall seeding of nontoxic or endophyte free tall fescue, such as early-maturing corn for grain, corn for silage, grain sorghum, annual summer forage crops, and soybean for hay.