Table 11-4. Crude protein concentrations in tall fescue compared with other cool-season grasses when harvested for hay or silage.
Location† |
Forage‡ |
Fescue cultivar |
Management |
Crude protein |
References |
||
Season |
General |
Fert. |
|||||
|
kg/ha |
g/kg |
|
||||
A. Tall fescue vs. other cool-season grasses |
|
|
|
||||
WA |
TF |
Alta |
|
Mixed |
|
77 |
Comstock and Low, 1948 |
|
SB |
|
|
with |
|
70 |
|
|
OG |
|
|
alfalfa |
|
87 |
|
PA |
TF |
Alta |
|
|
|
110 |
Phillips et al., 1954 |
|
OG |
|
|
|
|
89 |
|
|
RC |
|
|
|
|
114 |
|
|
SB |
|
|
|
|
101 |
|
|
BG |
|
|
|
|
123 |
|
MD |
TF |
KY-31 |
|
|
0 N |
114 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
90 N |
124 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
180 N |
155 |
Wagner, 1954 |
|
OG |
|
|
|
0 N |
100 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
90 N |
117 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
180 N |
147 |
|
|
BG |
|
|
|
0 N |
128 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
90 N |
151 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
180 N |
159 |
|
NJ |
TF |
Alta |
|
|
|
130 |
Duell, 1960 |
|
OG |
|
|
|
|
134 |
|
|
RC |
|
|
|
|
163 |
|
|
SB |
|
|
|
|
157
|
|
|
BG |
|
|
|
|
138 |
|
WA |
TF |
Alta |
|
Anthesis |
|
68 |
Sosulski and Patterson, 1961 |
|
SB |
|
|
|
|
79 |
|
|
OG |
|
|
|
|
67 |
|
KY |
TF |
KY-31 |
Spring |
|
50 N |
211 |
Hojjati et al., 1973 |
|
|
|
|
|
100 N |
283 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
150 N |
303 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
200 N |
325 |
|
|
BG |
|
|
|
50 N |
270 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
100 N |
306 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
150 N |
321 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
200 N |
328 |
|
MN |
TF |
KY-31 |
|
2 cuts |
|
129 |
Marten and Hovin, 1980 |
|
OG |
|
|
|
|
127 |
|
|
RC |
|
|
|
|
132 |
|
|
SB |
|
|
|
|
140 |
|
|
TF |
KY-31 |
|
3 cuts |
|
138 |
|
|
OG |
|
|
|
|
148 |
|
|
RC |
|
|
|
|
169 |
|
|
SB |
|
|
|
|
166
|
|
|
TF |
KY-31 |
|
4 cuts |
|
155 |
|
|
OG |
|
|
|
|
165 |
|
|
RC |
|
|
|
|
210 |
|
|
SB |
|
|
|
|
202 |
|
VA |
TF |
KY-31 |
Summer |
|
|
94 |
Rayburn et al., 1980 |
|
OG |
|
|
|
|
136 |
|
TX |
TF |
Fawn |
Spring |
Irrigated |
|
140 |
Eck et al., 1981 |
|
OG |
|
Summer |
|
|
157 |
|
PA |
TF |
KY-31 |
Summer |
|
Low P |
144 |
Morris et al., 1982 |
|
|
|
|
|
High P |
127 |
|
|
OG |
|
|
|
Low P |
160 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
High P |
154 |
|
MN |
TF |
KY-31 |
All |
|
|
139 |
Sheaffer and Marten, 1986 |
|
RC |
|
|
|
|
145 |
|
|
SB |
|
|
|
|
147 |
|
|
BG |
|
|
|
|
155 |
|
|
OG |
|
|
|
|
149 |
|
TN |
TF |
Johnstone |
|
|
|
181 |
Baxter et al., 1986 |
|
|
Kenhy |
|
|
|
166 |
|
|
OG |
|
|
|
|
170 |
|
WV |
TF |
Kenhy |
Spring |
|
|
98 |
Barker et al., 1988 |
|
OG |
|
|
|
|
91
|
|
|
TF |
Kenhy |
Fall |
|
|
93 |
|
|
OG |
|
|
|
|
101 |
|
WV |
TF |
Kenhy |
Spring |
|
|
88 |
Prigge et al., 1999 |
|
OG |
|
|
|
|
87 |
|
|
TF |
Kenhy |
Fall |
|
|
137 |
|
|
OG |
|
|
|
|
143 |
|
B. Among tall fescue cultivars |
|
|
|
|
|
||
KY |
TF |
KY-31 |
|
Soilage |
|
128 |
Ghorbani et al., 1991 |
|
TF |
Kenhy |
|
|
|
133 |
|
|
TF |
Johnstone |
|
|
|
141 |
|
ID |
TF |
KY-31 |
July |
|
|
90 |
Burns et al., 2001 |
|
|
Kenhy |
|
|
|
94 |
|
|
|
HiMag |
|
|
|
89 |
|
|
|
Barcel |
|
|
|
92 |
|
|
|
Stargraze |
|
|
|
82 |
|
|
|
MO-96 |
|
|
|
86 |
|
|
|
Mozark |
|
|
|
89 |
|
|
|
KY-31 |
Aug. |
|
|
227 |
|
|
|
Kenhy |
|
|
|
230 |
|
|
|
HiMag |
|
|
|
227 |
|
|
|
Barcel |
|
|
|
238 |
|
|
|
Stargraze
|
|
|
|
229
|
|
|
|
MO-96 |
|
|
|
232 |
|
|
|
Mozark |
|
|
|
228 |
|
C. Nitrogen fertilization |
|
|
|
|
|
||
WV |
TF |
KY-31 |
Initial |
|
0 N |
127 |
Reid and Jung, 1965 |
|
|
|
Growth |
|
56 N |
195 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
168 N |
237 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
504 N |
238 |
|
|
|
|
Regrowth |
|
0 N |
98 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
56 N |
139 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
168 N |
179 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
504 N |
186 |
|
KY |
TF |
KY-31 |
Spring |
|
50 N |
211 |
Hojjati et al., 1973 |
|
|
|
|
|
100 N |
283 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
150 N |
303 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
200 N |
325 |
|
TX |
TF |
KY-31 |
Spring |
|
0 N |
108 |
Eck et al., 1981 |
|
|
|
Summer |
|
65 N |
126 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
336 N |
153 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
504 N |
171 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
672 N |
185 |
|
D. Other managements |
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
GA |
TF |
KY-31 |
|
Dry |
|
167 |
Craigmiles and Crowder, 1960 |
|
|
|
|
Irrigated |
|
145 |
|
GA |
TF |
KY-31 |
|
Cool |
|
128 |
Smith, 1977 |
|
|
|
|
Hot |
|
122 |
|
TX |
TF |
Fawn |
Spring |
50 cm Irr. |
|
156 |
Eck et al., 1981 |
|
|
|
Summer |
100 cm Irr. |
|
139 |
|
KY |
TF |
KY-31 |
21 Apr. |
31 May |
|
111 |
Robb et al., 1982 |
|
|
|
-GR§ |
15 July |
|
93 |
|
|
|
|
|
18 Aug. |
|
104 |
|
|
|
|
+GR |
31 May |
|
95 |
|
|
|
|
|
15 July |
|
104 |
|
|
|
|
|
18 Aug. |
|
106 |
|
|
|
|
6 June |
14 July |
|
116 |
|
|
|
|
-GR |
18 Aug. |
|
104 |
|
|
|
|
+GR |
14 July |
|
134 |
|
|
|
|
|
18 Aug. |
|
118 |
|
TN |
TF |
KY-31 |
Apr. |
9 July |
|
- |
Reynolds et al., 1993 |
|
|
|
-GR |
|
|
109 |
|
|
|
|
+GR |
|
|
119 |
|
AK |
TF |
KY-31 |
Boot |
Fresh |
|
169 |
Turner et al., 1993 |
|
|
|
Mature |
Fresh |
|
90 |
|
|
|
|
|
Silage |
|
140 |
|
† State where data were collected.
‡ TF = tall fescue; OG = orchardgrass; RC = reed canarygrass; SB = smooth bromegrass; BG = Kentucky blue grass.
§ Growth regulator.