Table 10-2. Nematode parasites of tall fescue.

Nematode

Resistance conferred by endophyte†

Reference

Cyst nematode

 

 

Heterodera zeae (Koshy, Swarup, and Sethi)

?

Ringer et al., 1987

Lance nematode

 

 

Hoplolaimus galeatus (Cobb)

?

Hoveland et al., 1975

Lesion nematodes

 

 

Pratylenchus scribneri (Steiner)

R

R

West et al., 1988

Kimmons et al., 1990

P. penetrans (Cobb) Chitwood & Oteifa

?

Thies et al., 1995

Pin nematode

 

 

Paratylenchus spp.

Paratylenchus projectus (Jenkins)

R

R

Oday et al., 1993

Bernard et al., 1998

Root-knot nematodes

 

 

Meloidogyne marylandi (Jepson and Golden)

M. naasi (Franklin)

R

?

Elmi et al., 2000; Kimmons et al., 1990

Person-Dedryver and Fischer, 1987

Spiral nematodes

 

 

 

Helicotylenchus dihystera (Cobb) Sherr

H. pseudorobustus (Steiner)

R

NR

Pedersen et al., 1988

Kimmons et al., 1990

Sting nematode

 

 

 

Belonolaimus longicaudatus (Rau)

?

Holdeman and Graham, 1953

Stubby-root nematodes

 

 

Paratrichodorus minor (Colbran)

R

NR

Pedersen et al., 1988

Timper and Bouton, 2004

Stunt nematodes

 

 

Tylenchorhynchus acutus (Allen)

T. claytoni (Steiner)

T. maximus (Allen)

R

?

R

West et al., 1988

Krusberg, 1959

Bernard et al., 1998

 

† R, numbers of nematodes were found to be lower in tall fescue infected with the wild endophyte (E+) N. coenophialum than in endophyte free fescue (E-). NR, numbers of nematodes were not different in E+ and E- tall fescues. ?, effect of endophyte on nematode numbers is unknown.

 

<--Effect of Fungal Endophyte

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Tall Fescue Monograph