Table 10-2. Nematode parasites of tall fescue.
Nematode |
Resistance conferred by endophyte† |
Reference |
Cyst nematode |
|
|
Heterodera zeae (Koshy, Swarup, and Sethi) |
? |
Ringer et al., 1987 |
Lance nematode |
|
|
Hoplolaimus galeatus (Cobb) |
? |
Hoveland et al., 1975 |
Lesion nematodes |
|
|
Pratylenchus scribneri (Steiner) |
R R |
West et al., 1988 Kimmons et al., 1990 |
P. penetrans (Cobb) Chitwood & Oteifa |
? |
Thies et al., 1995 |
Pin nematode |
|
|
Paratylenchus spp. Paratylenchus projectus (Jenkins) |
R R |
Oday et al., 1993 Bernard et al., 1998 |
Root-knot nematodes |
|
|
Meloidogyne marylandi (Jepson and Golden) M. naasi (Franklin) |
R ? |
Elmi et al., 2000; Kimmons et al., 1990 Person-Dedryver and Fischer, 1987 |
Spiral nematodes
|
|
|
Helicotylenchus dihystera (Cobb) Sherr H. pseudorobustus (Steiner) |
R NR |
Pedersen et al., 1988 Kimmons et al., 1990 |
Sting nematode
|
|
|
Belonolaimus longicaudatus (Rau) |
? |
Holdeman and Graham, 1953 |
Stubby-root nematodes |
|
|
Paratrichodorus minor (Colbran) |
R NR |
Pedersen et al., 1988 Timper and Bouton, 2004 |
Stunt nematodes |
|
|
Tylenchorhynchus acutus (Allen) T. claytoni (Steiner) T. maximus (Allen) |
R ? R |
West et al., 1988 Krusberg, 1959 Bernard et al., 1998 |
† R, numbers of nematodes were found to be lower in tall fescue infected with the wild endophyte (E+) N. coenophialum than in endophyte free fescue (E-). NR, numbers of nematodes were not different in E+ and E- tall fescues. ?, effect of endophyte on nematode numbers is unknown.